绿色空间对休闲性体力活动影响的社区分异 ——以广州市为例     

戴颖宜  朱战强  周素红 《热带地理》2019,39(2):237-246

以广州市20个典型社区为例，构建多元线性回归模型，探讨了绿色空间对居民休闲性体力活动的影响，并剖析绿色空间对不同类型社区居民休闲性体力活动影响的作用机制。结果发现：1）不同类型社区居民的休闲性体力活动水平存在明显差异，低档社区的为782.99 MET-min/w，中档社区的为871.70 MET-min/w，高档社区的为1 227.91 MET-min/w；2）影响不同类型社区居民休闲性体力活动水平的绿色空间因素有所不同，低档社区、中档社区和高档社区的显著因子分别为“到最近公园广场距离”“邻里绿化覆盖率”和“健身活动设施数量”；3）绿色空间对休闲性体力活动水平影响的作用机制存在社区差异，低档社区居民休闲性体力活动主要受到成本作用的约束，中档社区居民主要受绿化环境作用影响，而高档社区居民主要受机会作用影响。  相似文献   

Feasibility of borehole ambient noise interferometry for permanent reservoir monitoring          下载免费PDF全文

M. Behm 《Geophysical Prospecting》2017,65(2):563-580

The analysis of seismic ambient noise acquired during temporary or permanent microseismic monitoring campaigns (e.g., improved/enhanced oil recovery monitoring, surveillance of induced seismicity) is potentially well suited for time‐lapse studies based on seismic interferometry. No additional data acquisition required, ambient noise processing can be automatized to a high degree, and seismic interferometry is very sensitive to small medium changes. Thus there is an opportunity for detection and monitoring of velocity variations in a reservoir at negligible additional cost and effort. Data and results are presented from an ambient noise interferometry study applied to two wells in a producing oil field in Romania. Borehole microseismic monitoring on three component geophones was performed for four weeks, concurrent with a water‐flooding phase for improved oil recovery from a reservoir in ca. 1 km depth. Both low‐frequency (2 Hz–50 Hz) P‐ and S‐waves propagating through the vertical borehole arrays were reconstructed from ambient noise by the virtual source method. The obtained interferograms clearly indicate an origin of the ambient seismic energy from above the arrays, thus suggesting surface activities as sources. It is shown that ambient noise from time periods as short as 30 seconds is sufficient to obtain robust interferograms. Sonic log data confirm that the vertical and horizontal components comprise first arrivals of P‐wave and S‐waves, respectively. The consistency and high quality of the interferograms throughout the entire observation period further indicate that the high‐frequency part (up to 100 Hz) represents the scattered wave field. The temporal variation of apparent velocities based on first‐arrival times partly correlates with the water injection rate and occurrence of microseismic events. It is concluded that borehole ambient noise interferometry in production settings is a potentially useful method for permanent reservoir monitoring due to its high sensitivity and robustness.  相似文献   

Statistical facies classification from multiple seismic attributes: comparison between Bayesian classification and expectation–maximization method and application in petrophysical inversion          下载免费PDF全文

Dario Grana  Xiaozheng Lang  Wenting Wu 《Geophysical Prospecting》2017,65(2):544-562

We present here a comparison between two statistical methods for facies classifications: Bayesian classification and expectation–maximization method. The classification can be performed using multiple seismic attributes and can be extended from well logs to three‐dimensional volumes. In this work, we propose, for both methods, a sensitivity study to investigate the impact of the choice of seismic attributes used to condition the classification. In the second part, we integrate the facies classification in a Bayesian inversion setting for the estimation of continuous rock properties, such as porosity and lithological fractions, from the same set of seismic attributes. The advantage of the expectation–maximization method is that this algorithm does not require a training dataset, which is instead required in a traditional Bayesian classifier and still provides similar results. We show the application, comparison, and analysis of these methods in a real case study in the North Sea, where eight sedimentological facies have been defined. The facies classification is computed at the well location and compared with the sedimentological profile and then extended to the 3D reservoir model using up to 14 seismic attributes.  相似文献   

基于高分遥感影像的建筑物侧面信息提取及其高度计算     

宋旭东  曹文峰  冯德俊  张星星 《北京测绘》2020,(3):296-300

本文选取成都市某一区域建筑物A、B为研究对象,采用分辨率为0.61 m的Quick bird影像,运用图像分割法和LVQ神经网络算法,提取建筑物侧面信息,根据假设法原理,构建高度计算物理模型,求取建筑物高度。对比实测数据,结合可能影响实验结果的实地因素、遥感影像因素进行精度分析与评价,探讨基于高分遥感影像的建筑物侧面信息提取和高度计算的方法。结果表明,LVQ神经网络算法在建筑物侧面提取和高度计算中有更好的应用价值,精度高达94%。  相似文献   

基于低空无人机倾斜摄影测量在农村房屋不动产登记权籍调查中的应用     

刘敏  张启超  赵彬  李智慧 《测绘与空间地理信息》2020,(1):181-183

低空无人机倾斜摄影测量技术可以快速获取实景三维影像,具有可量测、现实感逼真、纹理清晰等特点。该技术应用于农村房屋不动产登记权籍调查中,减少了外业实地丈量的工作量,克服了不通视房屋拐点量边的困难,可快速生成数字线划图,通过三维不动产模型可以查看测量三维数据,解决了外业调查耗时费力、界址边丈量人为误差等问题。  相似文献   

珠江三角洲海相沉积软土压缩和剪切变形特性试验研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

张岩  耿济世  毛磊  刘芙荣 《地震工程学报》2018,40(4):745-751

为了研究近代海相沉积软土的变形特征,本文对珠江三角洲河口地区的全新世海相沉积的软土进行了室内单轴压缩与不同围压下作用下的三轴固结不排水(CU)、不固结不排水(UU)的剪切试验。试验结果表明:原状土和重塑土样的孔隙比随压力的增大而下降,且与加压方式有密切关系,加压幅度越小,土的扰动破坏越小;原状土样固结系数随着压力增加而递减,整体近似符合指数函数分布,重塑土样固结系数随着压力增加逐渐增大,整体近似符合线性函数分布。在相同的固结压力下,原状土样的强度低于重塑土样的强度。土样的应力应变曲线为应变硬化型,且围压对重塑土的影响小于原状土。  相似文献   

基于功能群对比分析黔中普定水库和桂家湖水库浮游植物群落结构特征   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5  

胡月敏  李秋华  朱冲冲  欧腾  李红梅  陈峰峰  高永春  骆兰 《湖泊科学》2018,30(2):403-416

为了解黔中地区浮游植物群落结构特征,同时为了研究功能群对水环境的指示,选取黔中2座典型水库——普定水库和桂家湖水库,分别于2015年的枯水期(1月)和丰水期(8月)进行浮游植物采样分析.结果表明:(1)2座水库营养盐无显著性差异,水动力学参数(水温、混合层深度、透明度、真光层深度、水柱相对稳定性、光的可获得性)存在显著性差异.(2)普定水库共归类出18个功能类群,桂家湖水库共归类出15个功能类群.普定水库优势功能群水期分布特征:枯水期LO→丰水期B+P;桂家湖水库优势功能群水期分布特征:枯水期B+J+Y→丰水期B+J.垂直层面上,普定水库枯水期以甲藻组成的优势功能群LO在三岔街采样点表层藻类生物量达到峰值(18529μg/L),远高于中层和底层水体以及其他采样点,与该点水文特性以及组成LO的甲藻特征有关.丰水期以硅藻组成的功能群P在小河采样点的中层藻类生物量最大(2741μg/L),远高于该点的表层水体及其他采样点,与P类群耐受低光有关.而桂家湖水库由于面积小、水位浅且少有人为干扰,故样点间环境因子差异小,整个水体优势功能群分布高度一致.(3)经RDA分析,水动力学参数、营养盐、p H和电导率是影响普定水库浮游植物群落分布的主要环境因子;桂家湖水库仅水动力学参数(水温和水柱相对稳定性)是主要因子.(4)从浮游植物功能群适宜生境来看,普定水库为富营养水体,桂家湖水库为中到富营养水体.由分析得出隶属于不同水域的2座水库浮游植物群落结构及水环境均存在显著性差异.  相似文献   

基于多源卫星数据的小型水体蓝藻水华联合监测——以天津于桥水库为例   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

房旭  段洪涛  曹志刚  沈明  葛小三 《湖泊科学》2018,30(4):967-978

近年来水体富营养化呈扩张趋势,蓝藻水华不仅在太湖等大型湖泊频发,水面面积较小的天津于桥水库等也形势严峻,亟需加强卫星遥感监测.但是,以往在太湖等业务化使用非常成功的MODIS等卫星数据(约500 m),由于空间分辨率较低,难以满足小型水体的监测要求;而Landsat-8等空间分辨率较高的卫星数据(30 m),通常重返周期较长,无法满足水华高频监测需求.本文以天津市于桥水库(面积约80 km2)为研究区,针对常用的卫星数据,从空间、时间、光谱范围和数据可获取性共4个方面,评价不同卫星数据蓝藻水华监测能力和算法,同时对不同卫星监测结果一致性进行评估.结果表明:(1)筛选出国产HJ-1A\B CCD、GF-1 WFV和美国Landsat-8 OLI这3种卫星波段合适,空间分辨率较高,适用于桥水库蓝藻水华监测,但考虑到其重返周期较长,建议多星联合观测;(2)各个卫星监测结果与卫星影像目视解译结果基本一致,均方根误差和相对误差均分别控制在0.78 km2和4.9%以内;(3)不同卫星监测结果一致性良好,一致性精度达到99.5%;(4)根据历史影像结果,发现于桥水库2016年水质开始呈富营养化,藻华现象在夏、秋两季最为严重.研究表明,针对小型水面水体蓝藻水华监测,利用较高分辨率数据联合监测,是一种有效的替代策略,今后可在更多小型水域推广.  相似文献   

基于计算岩石物理方法的页岩储层弹性参数提取          下载免费PDF全文

霍志周  刘喜武  刘宇巍  张剑锋  高红伟  王劲松 《地球物理学报》2018,61(7):3019-3027

发展了应用数值计算方法获取页岩储层的速度、各向异性参数的计算岩石物理系列方法.该系列方法包括了大尺度精细地质模型数值建模、计算网格尺度的地球物理建模和地震波数值模拟提取岩石物理弹性参数.本文方法利用储层的统计数据而不是具体岩心的测量数据，可获得储层岩石物理弹性参数的变化规律.相比于基于岩心测试的岩石物理方法，本文方法可精细考虑实际储层的非均匀特征，可得到岩心测试难以求取的与尺寸效应高度相关的弹性参数，也避免了求取弹性参数变化规律时获取不同地质特征岩心的困难.本文发展了计算岩石物理方法，为计算岩石物理面临的大尺度地质建模和计算能力限制问题提供了有效的解决方案.文中以胜利罗家的页岩储层为例，求得了储层TOC含量从3%到21%变化情况下储层的P波、S波速度以及各向异性参数变化规律.  相似文献   

Study of the flood control scheduling scheme for the Three Gorges Reservoir in a catastrophic flood          下载免费PDF全文

Shanghong Zhang  Zhu Jing  Wenda Li  Yujun Yi  Yong Zhao 《水文研究》2018,32(11):1625-1634

The Three Gorges Project is the world's largest water conservancy project. According to the design standards for the 1,000‐year flood, flood diversion areas in the Jingjiang reach of the Yangtze River must be utilized to ensure the safety of the Jingjiang area and the city of Wuhan. However, once these areas are used, the economic and life loss in these areas may be very great. Therefore, it is vital to reduce this loss by developing a scheme that reduces the use of the flood diversion areas through flood regulation by the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR), under the premise of ensuring the safety of the Three Gorges Dam. For a 1,000‐year flood on the basis of a highly destructive flood in 1954, this paper evaluates scheduling schemes in which flood diversion areas are or are not used. The schemes are simulated based on 2.5‐m resolution reservoir topography and an optimized model of dynamic capacity flood regulation. The simulation results show the following. (a) In accord with the normal flood‐control regulation discharge, the maximum water level above the dam should be not more than 175 m, which ensures the safety of the dam and reservoir area. However, it is necessary to utilize the flood diversion areas within the Jingjiang area, and flood discharge can reach 2.81 billion m³. (b) In the case of relying on the TGR to impound floodwaters independently rather than using the flood diversion areas, the maximum water level above the dam reaches 177.35 m, which is less than the flood check level of 180.4 m to ensure the safety of the Three Gorges Dam. The average increase of the TGR water level in the Chongqing area is not more than 0.11 m, which indicates no significant effect on the upstream reservoir area. Comparing the various scheduling schemes, when the flood diversion areas are not used, it is believed that the TGR can execute safe flood control for a 1,000‐year flood, thereby greatly reducing flood damage.  相似文献